U.S. President Barack Obama called a climate change agreement with China and about 25 other nations an “unprecedented” move to slow global warming. Environmental groups and at least five developing nations called it a failure.
The accord, which pushes off signing a treaty for at least a year, is “a first step,” Obama said yesterday before leaving Copenhagen, where he spent 14 hours cobbling together the agreement in meetings with world leaders, and addressing 8,000 envoys from 193 nations.
Delegates from the countries failed to reach consensus on the accord today after discussing it through the night, agreeing instead to “take note” of the document, or recognize that it exists. The agreement seeks voluntary cuts in greenhouse-gas emissions that scientists blame for global warming without binding countries to take action.
“The meeting was a disaster,” Lars-Erik Liljelund, the director general of Swedish Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt’s office, said in an interview today. “The process needs to be changed because if we continue like this, we won’t be any further a year from now.”
Negotiators met in the Danish capital for two weeks of United Nations talks on curbing global warming. Debate stumbled on aid to developing countries facing damage from climate change, pollution-reduction goals and how to verify individual country’s pledges to cut harmful emissions.
Environmentalists said the agreement that includes the U.S. and China — the world’s two biggest emitters of greenhouse gases — falls well short of what’s needed to deal with global warming. Bolivia, Sudan and Venezuela were among countries that spoke out against the accord, which will serve as a framework for continuing talks in 2010.
‘Backroom Deal’
“This is the United Nations and the nations here are not united on this secret backroom declaration,” Kate Horner, policy analyst for the London-based environmental group Friends of the Earth, said in statement. “Copenhagen has been an abject failure.”
The proposal calls for voluntary steps to reduce emissions blamed for heating the atmosphere, melting icecaps and causing destructive weather patterns. For two years, nations from China to members of the 27-country European Union repeatedly called for a binding treaty to be signed in Copenhagen.
“It will not be legally binding, but what it will do is allow for each country to show to the world what they are doing,” Obama told reporters in Copenhagen. “There will be a sense on the part of each country that we’re in this together and we’ll know who is meeting and who’s not meeting the mutual obligations that have been set forth.”
Bleeding Hand
Obama, U.K. Prime Minister Gordon Brown and Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva were among about 25 world leaders who spent ten hours “in a rather stuffy room” drafting details normally left to lower-level negotiators, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Executive Secretary Yvo de Boer told reporters today.
The text, called the Copenhagen Accord, was then introduced to the meeting hall where delegates from all nations were present. Envoys from Bolivia, Sudan and Venezuela rejected the text.
During the meeting, Venezuelan negotiator Claudia Salerno Caldera raised her hand that was bloodied and complained about the way the document was drafted, calling it a “Coup d’état on the UN charter.”
“This hand that is bleeding wants to talk and has as much right as any of those you call a “representative” group of leaders,” she said. “International agreements can’t be imposed by a small and select, as you call it, group of countries.”
Burning the Midnight Oil
Negotiations went through the night yesterday, finally ending today at about 3:30 p quick guaranteed personal loans.m. local time, more than 21 hours after their scheduled conclusion. That followed debate by Brown, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao and U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton until about 2:30 a.m. on Dec. 18.
Dessima Williams, Grenadian ambassador who was lead negotiator for a group of 43 small-island and low-lying states, today said she’d been awake for 48 hours.
“Although I’m not ecstatic, I’m not unhappy in a major way. I wish I could’ve gotten more, but I think I’ll live to fight another day.”
Rich countries offered to provide $100 billion a year by 2020 to help poor nations reduce carbon emissions, conditional on developing countries cutting gas discharges, according to the text. They may also pay out $30 billion in aid from next year through 2012.
“In terms of finance, it is vague, it is a big soup,” Pa Ousman Jarju, a Gambian delegate, said in an interview in Copenhagen. “It’s well below what is required.”
Move Forward
The agreement was reached after Obama had last-minute talks with Wen, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, Brazil’s Lula and South African President, Jacob Zuma. It was then taken to all nations and most backed it.
“There emerged over time a real sense in the room that most countries wanted to move forward with some kind of decision,” said Ruben Kraiem, co-chair of the climate practice for attorneys Covington & Burling LLP in New York.
Nations should try to keep the global temperature increase before industrialization “below 2 degrees” Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit), according to the agreement.
Envoys from the U.S., Europe and China have supported the 2 degrees target. Poorer nations and environmental groups wanted 1 or 1.5 degrees, fearing a higher increase will raise sea levels and make coastal cities and some island states uninhabitable.
‘Well Short’
“As President Obama said, its well short of what’s ultimately needed,” Elliot Diringer, vice president for international strategies at Arlington, Virginia-based Pew Center on Global Climate Change, said in a statement. “But it would provide a reasonable basis for negotiating a fair and effective climate treaty.”
Without emissions curbs, temperatures would rise by 6 degrees Celsius, an increase that “would lead almost certainly to massive climatic change,” the International Energy Agency, an adviser to 28 oil-consuming nations, said in a report. A more-than-2-degree warming will bring more intense flooding and drought and a faster sea-level increase, according to the UN.
“This declaration or outcome or whatever you want to call it, is not a legally binding document,” Indian Environment Minister Ramesh said in an interview. “It’s a political statement.”
For 20 years, scientists working for the United Nations have provided guidance for global climate talks. The result is the Kyoto Protocol, a 1997 accord that limits greenhouse-gas emissions among 37 industrialized nations. Those targets are set to expire in 2012, leaving the world without binding goals if Copenhagen doesn’t renew them.
“The objective of these negotiations of securing the future of the planet definitely wasn’t achieved,” Melinda Kimble, the U.S. chief negotiator for the Kyoto Protocol and senior vice president at the United Nations Foundation said in an interview in Copenhagen. “It’s a limited outcome.”
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